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In my post Compression – the technology for the digital age, I called data compression “the enabler of the evolving media-rich communication society that we value”. Indeed, data compression has freed the potential of digital technologies in facsimile, speech, photography, music, television, video on the web, on mobile, and more.
MPEG has been the main contributor to the stellar performance of the digital media industries: content, services, and devices – hardware and software. Something new is brewing in MPEG because it is applying its compression toolkit to other non-media data such as point clouds and DNA reads from high speed sequencing machines, and plans on doing the same on neural networks.
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Typically, the minimum software and hardware requirements for an adequate desktop-publishing, Web-authoring, or multimedia presentations system include:
- A Pentium MMX computer or higher with a hard drive and a minimum of 64MB or RAM, a mouse, and a high-resolution color monitor and video card
- A word processing software package
- A scanner and related software
- A laser printer or ink-jet photo-quality printer
- A graphics software package to create and/or edit graphics
- Optional equipment for Web authoring and multimedia presentations includes a video-capturing card and a digital camera
- For desktop publishing, a page composition software package, such as Adobe PageMaker, to bring together all the individual elements of text, graphics, and scanned images into an easy-to-read and visually appealing finished document.
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- For Web authoring, an authoring tool such as Microsoft FrontPage or Netscape Publisher, which brings together individual elements of text, graphics, video, scanned images, and sound into one or more Web pages.
- For multimedia presentations, a presentation package such as Microsoft PowerPoint, which ties individual elements of text, graphics, video, and sound into a sight and sound presentation.
If your budget is limited, spend money on the computer itself rather than the peripherals. A computer system is no festered than the CPU, no matter how sophisticated the peripherals. A laser printer is an expensive item; you can use an ink-jet or dot matrix printer for
audio wires, each having a different type of connector. Since the MPC standards specify what kind of connection the audio wire uses, if both the CD-ROM drive and the sound card vendors state that their products meet the MPC standard, you are assured that the audio wire provided with one device will connect properly to the other device.
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The following sections describe those MPC standards that are still current or have had a significant impact on decisions made about current technology.
A Standard for Managing Compressed Data Multimedia technology requires large volumes of data, so data compression becomes an important concern. The CPU and/or the software on a PC must be able to handle compressed video and audio data according to a data compression standard called MPEG, which is part of the MPC specifications. MPEG is an international standard for data compression for motion pictures. Developed by the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG), it tracks movement from one frame to the next, and only stores what changes, rather than compressing individual frames. MPEG is a type of lossy compression.
Lossy compression methods work by dropping unnecessary data, hence the idea of the loss of data or “lossy” compression. MPEG compression can yield a compression ratio of 100:1 for full-motion video (30 frames per second, or 30 fps).
Compressing and later decompressing data is called CODEC (Compressor/DECompressor). A CODEC method that does not drop any data is called lossless compression, as compared to lossy compression. The term CODEC is also sometimes used to refer to hardware that converts audio or video signals from analog to digital or from digital to analog. When the term is used this way, it stands for coder/decoder.
Standards for Video Two of the MPC3 specifications for a video/graphics card involve (1) interpolative scaling, which refers to the way the card manages video output when an image is displayed on a large screen instead of a small screen, and (2) color space conversion, which refers to the way color is stored in a file.
Interpolative scaling is a method used to produce a more realistic-looking image when a small video window is enlarged to full-screen size. Without interpolative scaling, when an image is enlarged, each sound card so that sound can be piped directly from the CD-ROM drive to the sound card without involving the CPU. You are also aware that there are many variations of audio wires, each having a different type of connector. Since the MPC standards specify what kind of connection the audio wire uses, if both the CD-ROM drive and the sound card vendors state that their products meet the MPC standard, you are assured that the audio wire provided with one device will connect properly to the other device.
